Assault on Journalism: Building knowledge to protect freedom

Ulla Carlsson & Reeta Pöyhtäri (toim.): The Assault on Journalism: Building knowledge to protect freedom of expression

• Nordicom, 2017; pehmeäkantinen, englanninkielinen kirja /book in English, 341 sivua/pages
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People who exercise their right to freedom of expression through journalism should be able to practice their work without restrictions. They are, nonetheless, the constant targets of violence and threats. In an era of globalization and digitization, no single party can alone carry the responsibility for protection of journalism and freedom of expression. Instead, this responsibility must be assumed jointly by the state, the courts, media companies and journalist organizations, as well as by NGOs and civil society – on national as well as global levels.

To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research- based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues and new research initiatives. The contributions represent diverse perspectives on both empirical and theoretical research and offer many quantitatively and qualitatively informed insights. The articles demonstrate that a new important interdisciplinary research field is in fact emerging, and that the fundamental issue remains identical: Violence and threats against journalists constitute an attack on freedom of expression.

The publication is the result of collaboration between the UNESCO Chair at the University of Gothenburg, UNESCO, IAMCR and a range of other partners.

Content

• Acknowledgements
• Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri: Words of Introduction
• THE STATUS OF SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS. KEY ARTICLES
• Simon Cottle: Journalist Killings and the Responsibility to Report
• Guy Berger: Why the World Became Concerned with Journalistic Safety, and Why the Issue Will Continue to Attract Attention
• Silvia Chocarro Marcesse: The United Nations’ Role in Promoting the Safety of Journalists from 1945 to 2016
• Berit von der Lippe, Rune Ottosen: Gendering War and Peace Journalism. New challenges for media research
• Thomas Hanitzsch: Collaboration Is the Future. Doing research in the network era
• THE WAY FORWARD
• 1. Reflection, Reconsideration, Collaboration
• Elisabeth Eide: A Country without Mercy. Afghan journalists caught in crossfires
• Pradip Ninan Thomas: The Cost of Truth Telling in India. Reporting in the context of intolerance
• Ramon R. Tuazon, Paz H. Diaz, Therese Patricia C. San Diego: Philippine and Global Research on News Media Safety. Crossing disciplines, bridging gaps
• Reeta Pöyhtäri: UNESCO’s Research Agenda on the Safety of Journalists. Call for new academic research initiatives
• Jackie Harrison: Setting a New Research Agenda. The establishment of a journalism safety research network
• Magda Abu-Fadil: Journalism Schools Must Include Safety Courses in Curricula
• 2. How to Measure Safety of Journalists
• Katharine Sarikakis: Assaults against Journalists. We see the tip of the iceberg
• Sara Torsner: Measuring Journalism Safety. Methodological challenges
• RESEARCH ARTICLES:
• Ari Heinonen: Introduction. Explorations in an Emerging Research Field
• 1. Threats and Violence against Journalists, and Its Effects
• Syed Irfan Ashraf, Lisa Brooten: Tribal Journalists under Fire. Threats, impunity and decision making in reporting on conflict in Pakistan
• Umaru A. Pate, Hamza Idris: How Journalists Survived to Report. Professionalism and risk management in the reporting of terror groups and violent extremism in North East Nigeria
• Lilian Ngusuur Unaegbu: Safety Concerns in the Nigerian Media. What gender dynamics?
• Anthony Feinstein, Bennis Pavisian: The Psychological Wellbeing of Iranian Journalists
• Roy Krøvel: Violence against Indigenous Journalists in Colombia and Latin America
• Kirsten Sparre: The Dangers of Sports Journalism
• CURRENT RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
• Marilyn Clark, Anna Grech: Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States
• Sriram Arulchelvan: Internal Threats and Safety of Journalists. A study from India
• Fay Anderson: Australian News Photographers, Safety and Trauma
• Trond Idås, Klas Backholm: Risk and Resilience among Journalists Covering Potentially Traumatic Events
• 2. Protection of Journalists and Sources
• Stig A. Nohrstedt, Rune Ottosen: What’s Wrong with War Journalism? Why and how legal aspects of conflicts need better reporting
• Leire Iturregui Mardaras, María José Cantalapiedra González, Leire Moure Peñín: Embedded Journalism and Its Implications in the Field.
• Mariateresa Garrido Villareal: The Protection of Citizen Journalists during Armed Conflicts. A legal approach
• Bora Ataman and Bar?? Çoban: How Safe Is It? Being an activist citizen journalist in Turkey
• Judith Lohner, Sandra Banjac: A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts
• Sallie Hughes, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez: How Unsafe Contexts and Overlapping Risks Influence Journalism Practice. Evidence from a survey of Mexican journalists
• CURRENT RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
• Giovanna Dell’Orto: Foreign Correspondents and Local Journalists. A key newsgathering partnership, for safety and for the global public good
• Sadia Jamil: Freedom under Pressure. Threats to journalists’ safety in Pakistan
• Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj, Olawale Olaleye: Digital Safety among Nigerian Journalists. Knowledge, attitudes and practice
• The Authors
• REPUBLICATION OF: Time to Break the Cycle of Violence against Journalists. Highlights from the UNESCO Director-General’s 2016 Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity. UNESCO, Paris, 2016
• Appendix
• 1. UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
• 2. UNESCO: Towards a Research Agenda on the Safety of Journalists 

hakusanat: journamismi toimittajat ihmisoikeudet sananvapaus politiikka Turkki demokratia lehdistö lehdistön rooli Etelä-Amerikka filosofia yhteiskunta yttrandefrihet jounalism journalister pressen politik samhälle