Ulla Carlsson & Reeta Pöyhtäri (toim.): The Assault on Journalism: Building knowledge to protect freedom of expression

Nordicom, 2017; pehmeäkantinen, englanninkielinen kirja /book in English, 341 sivua/pages
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People who exercise their right to freedom of expression through journalism should be able to practice their work without restrictions. They are, nonetheless, the constant targets of violence and threats. In an era of globalization and digitization, no single party can alone carry the responsibility for protection of journalism and freedom of expression. Instead, this responsibility must be assumed jointly by the state, the courts, media companies and journalist organizations, as well as by NGOs and civil society – on national as well as global levels.

To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research- based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues and new research initiatives. The contributions represent diverse perspectives on both empirical and theoretical research and offer many quantitatively and qualitatively informed insights. The articles demonstrate that a new important interdisciplinary research field is in fact emerging, and that the fundamental issue remains identical: Violence and threats against journalists constitute an attack on freedom of expression.

The publication is the result of collaboration between the UNESCO Chair at the University of Gothenburg, UNESCO, IAMCR and a range of other partners.

Content

Acknowledgements
Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri: Words of Introduction
THE STATUS OF SAFETY OF JOURNALISTS. KEY ARTICLES
Simon Cottle: Journalist Killings and the Responsibility to Report
Guy Berger: Why the World Became Concerned with Journalistic Safety, and Why the Issue Will Continue to Attract Attention
Silvia Chocarro Marcesse: The United Nations’ Role in Promoting the Safety of Journalists from 1945 to 2016
Berit von der Lippe, Rune Ottosen: Gendering War and Peace Journalism. New challenges for media research
Thomas Hanitzsch: Collaboration Is the Future. Doing research in the network era
THE WAY FORWARD
1. Reflection, Reconsideration, Collaboration
Elisabeth Eide: A Country without Mercy. Afghan journalists caught in crossfires
Pradip Ninan Thomas: The Cost of Truth Telling in India. Reporting in the context of intolerance
Ramon R. Tuazon, Paz H. Diaz, Therese Patricia C. San Diego: Philippine and Global Research on News Media Safety. Crossing disciplines, bridging gaps
Reeta Pöyhtäri: UNESCO’s Research Agenda on the Safety of Journalists. Call for new academic research initiatives
Jackie Harrison: Setting a New Research Agenda. The establishment of a journalism safety research network
Magda Abu-Fadil: Journalism Schools Must Include Safety Courses in Curricula
2. How to Measure Safety of Journalists
Katharine Sarikakis: Assaults against Journalists. We see the tip of the iceberg
Sara Torsner: Measuring Journalism Safety. Methodological challenges
RESEARCH ARTICLES:
Ari Heinonen: Introduction. Explorations in an Emerging Research Field
1. Threats and Violence against Journalists, and Its Effects
Syed Irfan Ashraf, Lisa Brooten: Tribal Journalists under Fire. Threats, impunity and decision making in reporting on conflict in Pakistan
Umaru A. Pate, Hamza Idris: How Journalists Survived to Report. Professionalism and risk management in the reporting of terror groups and violent extremism in North East Nigeria
Lilian Ngusuur Unaegbu: Safety Concerns in the Nigerian Media. What gender dynamics?
Anthony Feinstein, Bennis Pavisian: The Psychological Wellbeing of Iranian Journalists
Roy Krøvel: Violence against Indigenous Journalists in Colombia and Latin America
Kirsten Sparre: The Dangers of Sports Journalism
CURRENT RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Marilyn Clark, Anna Grech: Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States
Sriram Arulchelvan: Internal Threats and Safety of Journalists. A study from India
Fay Anderson: Australian News Photographers, Safety and Trauma
Trond Idås, Klas Backholm: Risk and Resilience among Journalists Covering Potentially Traumatic Events
2. Protection of Journalists and Sources
Stig A. Nohrstedt, Rune Ottosen: What’s Wrong with War Journalism? Why and how legal aspects of conflicts need better reporting
Leire Iturregui Mardaras, María José Cantalapiedra González, Leire Moure Peñín: Embedded Journalism and Its Implications in the Field.
Mariateresa Garrido Villareal: The Protection of Citizen Journalists during Armed Conflicts. A legal approach
Bora Ataman and Bar?? Çoban: How Safe Is It? Being an activist citizen journalist in Turkey
Judith Lohner, Sandra Banjac: A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts
Sallie Hughes, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez: How Unsafe Contexts and Overlapping Risks Influence Journalism Practice. Evidence from a survey of Mexican journalists
CURRENT RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Giovanna Dell’Orto: Foreign Correspondents and Local Journalists. A key newsgathering partnership, for safety and for the global public good
Sadia Jamil: Freedom under Pressure. Threats to journalists’ safety in Pakistan
Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj, Olawale Olaleye: Digital Safety among Nigerian Journalists. Knowledge, attitudes and practice
The Authors
REPUBLICATION OF: Time to Break the Cycle of Violence against Journalists. Highlights from the UNESCO Director-General’s 2016 Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity. UNESCO, Paris, 2016
Appendix
1. UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
2. UNESCO: Towards a Research Agenda on the Safety of Journalists

hakusanat: journamismi toimittajat ihmisoikeudet sananvapaus politiikka Turkki demokratia lehdistö lehdistön rooli Etelä-Amerikka filosofia yhteiskunta yttrandefrihet jounalism journalister pressen politik samhälle